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Hit enter to return to the slide.SUBMIT ALLsubmit allQuestion ListMore infoSend an emailCloseBioExitglobal warming and its impacts on human society the declining ocean productivity and global warming the declining ocean productivity and global warming the declining ocean productivity and global warming the declining ocean productivity and global warming the declining ocean productivity and global warming the declining ocean productivity and global warming the ph scale the ph scale the ph scale the ph scale the ph scale the ph scale groundwater for potable use groundwater for potable use groundwater for potable use groundwater for potable use groundwater for potable use groundwater for potable use el nińo infectious diseases el nińo infectious diseases el nińo infectious diseases el nińo infectious diseases el nińo infectious diseases el nińo infectious diseases click on each of the subject to learn more next next next next next next declining ocean productivity and global warming warmer ocean temperatures affect phytoplankton productivity by increasing water column stratification. this occurs when water separates into layers due to differences in density, salinity or other properties. on a global scale, a warmer climate could potentially cause a rapid reduction in overall marine life, particularly for phytoplankton-the foundation of the food chain. as a result, there has been a steady decline of roughly 1% per year of the global median average of phytoplankton since the 1990s. data from the 2000s indicate decreases in production often exceeded 30% in some regions. chlorophyll a: is an indirect measure of phytoplankton productivity. blue and black representing little to no chlorophyll a. red repressing concentrations in excess of 35 milligrams per liter. increasing oceanic temperatures and stratification cause their numbers to drop quickly, leaving more co2 in atmosphere. phytoplankton lock away atmospheric co2 via photosynthesis and chemical weathering. back back back back back back global climate models are now suggesting ocean production will decrease at mid- and low latitudes due to intensified stratification. the ph scale acidity is measured using ph, which is the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration within a solution. given that the expression is negative, a lower ph means a solution is more acidic. back back back back back back groundwater for potable use many regions relay heavily on groundwater as their only source of potable water, including cities in florida and texas, where it is vital. rising sea levels cause major problems because over-exploitation of groundwater has lead salt water intrusion which contaminates underground water supplies. separated back back back back back back salt water intrusion has many negative effects such as reducing potable water, damage to coastal areas, damage to infrastructure, and it negatively impacts ecosystems. this is the end of the presentation. el nińo and infectious diseases widespread events linked to the increasing intensidy of el niño events increases in malaria epidemics in india, colombia, venezuela and uganda. 1 the dengue epidemics every 2-3 years from 1986 to 1992 in thailand. 2 waterborne diseases such as childhood diarrheal disease in peru during 1997-98. 3 back back back back back back it is not clear how the el niño oscillations will change in a warmer climate, but southeast asia, south africa, east africa, southwestern us, and south america could be exposed to a heightened disease risk if el nińo events intensify further. <html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Satellite data shows the primary productivity in the oceans is tightly linked to climate change. On a global scale, a warmer climate could potentially cause a rapid reduction in overall marine life, particularly for phytoplankton-the foundation of the food chain. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Warmer ocean temperatures affect phytoplankton productivity by increasing water column stratification. This occurs when water separates into layers due to differences in density, salinity or other properties. This figure depicts a simple example of oceanic stratification based on an arbitrary physical property. Ultimately, this layering of the water column pushes phytoplankton into the upper surface layers and affects their productivity. As a result, there has been a steady decline of roughly 1% per year of the global median average of phytoplankton since the 1990s. Data from the 2000s indicate decreases in production often exceeded 30% in some regions.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Chlorophyll a is an indirect measure of phytoplankton productivity. This map depicts satellite data of oceanic Chlorophyll a concentrations, with blue and black representing little to no Chlorophyll a, and red repressing concentrations in excess of 35 milligrams per liter. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Phytoplankton lock away atmospheric CO2 via photosynthesis and chemical weathering. Increasing oceanic temperatures and stratification cause their numbers to drop quickly, leaving more CO2 in atmosphere. Global climate models are now suggesting ocean production will decrease at mid- and low latitudes due to intensified stratification. Luckily, the plankton have a very fast turnover. Comparatively speaking, they respond more rapidly to any change in climate, but lag time is still a major factor. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Acidity is measured using pH, which is the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration within a solution. Given that the expression is negative, a lower pH means a solution is more acidic. This visual representation of the pH scale will help to understand how it functions. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>pH is measured on a scale ranging from 0, which is the most acidic, to 14, which is the most alkaline. A neutral solution has a pH of 7.</textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Reductions in groundwater recharge in coastal areas is a big problem. Many regions relay heavily on groundwater as their only source of potable water, including cities in Florida and Texas, where it is vital. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Rising sea levels cause major problems because over-exploitation of groundwater has lead salt water intrusion which contaminates underground water supplies. As seen here, fresh groundwater that neighbors seawater normally remains separated. As groundwater is withdrawn excessively, saline sea water impedes on the fresh groundwater supply. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Salt water intrusion has many negative effects such as reducing potable water, damage to coastal areas, damage to infrastructure, and it negatively impacts ecosystems. Here, we see the effects of salt water intrusion on freshwater wetlands, diminishing their ability to provide important environmental services to humans.</textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>The El Niño-Southern Oscillation is associated with increases in health consequences. From this infographic create by the World Health Organization, we see that the increases precipitation brought by El Niño events is associated with direct injuries & fatalities, vector-borne diseases, water-borne diseases, the disruption of health services, and mental health & psychosocial effects. Conversely, the increased dry conditions thereafter will be associated with malnutrition, communicable diseases, water-borne diseases, reduced access to healthcare, respiratory diseases, and health stress. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Other widespread events have already been linked to the increasing intensity of El Niño events, such as increases in malaria epidemics in India, Colombia, Venezuela and Uganda; the dengue epidemics every 2-3 years from 1986 to 1992 in Thailand; and waterborne diseases such as childhood diarrheal disease in Peru during 1997-98. It is not clear how the El Niño oscillations will change in a warmer climate, but Southeast Asia, South Africa, East Africa, Southwestern US, and South America could be exposed to a heightened disease risk if El Nińo events intensify further.</textformat></html>