PREVNEXTSUBMITTable of ContentsResourcesGlossaryTranscriptClear and return to MenuSearch ResultsFilterSlide TextNotesSearch in:Check to includeSearch...TermsDefinitionFINISHfinishdefinitionresourcessearchpauseplayreplaysubmitnextpreviousvolumeSkip Navigation. Hit enter to return to the slide.SUBMIT ALLsubmit allQuestion ListMore infoSend an emailCloseBioExitlove and freedom love and freedom freedom from freedom from image from waterstones.com humans have obtained more freedom (“freedom from”) external constraints. modern american and european history is centered around gaining freedom from: political economic religious constraints with more “freedom from,” comes increased feeling of being alone and powerless, or basic anxiety (horney). escape from freedom escape from freedom escape from freedom erich fromm wrote: “modern man is anxious and temped to surrender his freedom to dictators of all kinds, or to lose it by transforming himself into a small cog in a machine, well fed and well clothed, yet not a free man but an automaton.” escape from freedom (1941) fromm argues that people respond to this basic anxiety by escaping freedom, or by seeking “negative freedom.” people escape from freedom by: submitting to an authority (masochism) becoming the authority (sadism) destroying others conforming to others (automaton conformity) freedom to freedom to ideally, people embrace their freedom. fromm referred to this as “freedom to,” or positive freedom, which involves: spontaneous and full expression of rational and emotional potentialities uniting with the world without giving up integrity all you need is love all you need is love free hugs in seattle by http://www.flickr.com/photos/pdxjeff/ (http://www.flickr.com/photos/pdxjeff/296091324/) [cc by-sa 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)], via wikimedia commons free hugs in belgium by http://www.flickr.com/photos/csbelgium/ (http://www.flickr.com/photos/csbelgium/2352757260/) [cc by 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via wikimedia commons free hugs in tokyo by jonas bengtsson from london, uk (free hugs) [cc by 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via wikimedia commons free hugs in seattle free hugs in tokyo the art of loving nonproductive orientations and narcissism get in the way of love. not receiving it’s about giving not compulsory freely given love: the ability to unite with another while retaining one's own individuality and integrity. what is love? ? fromm assumed that humans have an existential need to overcome isolation. love is the ideal means to fulfill this need. in the art of loving, fromm describes some of the ways this is sought out, such as: orgiastic states (transitory) conformity (pseudo unity) uniting the self with material (creative activity) fromm suggests that love is the only solution. the art of loving the art of loving ? what do you think about his point that you cannot love one person and be indifferent to all others? click to play video of interview of erich fromm with mike wallace click to play video of interview of erich fromm with mike wallace click to play video of interview of erich fromm with mike wallace click to play video of interview of erich fromm with mike wallace click to play video of interview of erich fromm with mike wallace click to play video of interview of erich fromm with mike wallace to love one means to love all, including one’s self. love is an orientation of character. knowledge (a desire to know another) respect (to see a person as they are) responsibility (responsive to the needs, expressed and unexpressed, of another human) care (concern for others) fromm proposed four elements of love: fromm presents love as a skill that can be taught and developed. he rejects love as magical and mysterious. click to add text if a person loves only one other person and is indifferent to the rest of his fellow men, his love is not love but a symbiotic attachment, or an enlarged egotism. the art of loving erich fromm wrote: the art of loving interview of erich fromm with mike wallace return return return return return return https://www.youtube.com/embed/awuyya97dli?autoplay=1 slides 9 and 10 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awuyya97dli conclusion conclusion elements of love: care responsibility respect knowledge with escape from freedom and the art of loving, fromm captured: audiences extending beyond the discipline of psychology international bestseller awards broad sociological implications they extend fromm’s basic assumptions to realms that most people view as pretty important. the art of loving escape from freedom the end add heading/subheading here use for quotes or small pieces of content that aren’t voiced use for quotes or small pieces of content that aren’t voiced definition: goes here consider this… think of this…/formative question… on screen instructions go here ! ? use as callout, add content here this is a tag x use this as a light box… use this type of shapes, colors (w/guidance from color palette) and effect to build diagrams, unless content requires something different. when using charts or graphs from ppt use the style selected for this example throughout the presentation unless the content requires something different. <html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>In 1941, Fromm wrote Escape from Freedom, under the shadow of Nazi dictatorship. In it he outlines how over the course of human evolution and history, humans have obtained more freedom, specifically what he calls “freedom from,” or freedom from external constraints. Modern American and European history is centered around the efforts to gain freedom from political, economic, and religious constraints, which has been successful. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>But, being “freaks of the universe,” this is both good and bad, because with more “freedom from”, comes increased feeling of being alone and powerless, or basic anxiety, in Horney’s terms. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>In his book, he argues that people respond to this anxiety by escaping from the very freedom from which they’ve fought so long and hard. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>Fromm suggests that people can do this by submitting to an authority, or becoming the authority, in both cases this involves a dependence on other people. Another means of escape involves destroying others. Both of these mechanisms apply to Nazi Germany, and help to explain it. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>The last way that people go about escaping freedom is what Fromm called automaton conformity. Fromm suggested that people can escape the feelings of isolation by becoming like a robot, and conforming to what others expect them to be. He suggested people often don’t even know what they think or feel, nor do they realize how much they conform. This is the type of escape that we probably see the most of in our contemporary culture. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Ideally, people embrace their freedom. Fromm referred to this as “freedom to,” or positive freedom. It involves spontaneous and full expression of rational and emotional potentialities, uniting with the world without giving up integrity. This is similar to his position on love. Neither one is particularly easy.</textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>Fromm assumed that humans have an existential need to overcome isolation, and that love is the ideal means to fulfill this need. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>In The Art of Loving, Fromm describes some of the ways this is sought out. For example through orgiastic states, transitory, intense moments and feelings. People can also try to merge with others though conformity, which he suggests in a pseudo unity. Or even by uniting the self with material in a creative endeavor. These are all partial solutions. He suggests that love is the only complete solution.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>But what is love? Fromm defined love as the ability to unite with another while retaining one's own individuality and integrity. So it is freely given, not compulsory. It is also about giving, and not the need to receive. But at the same time, it’s not a sacrifice. Fromm also suggested that it also depends on the character of the person, and that nonproductive orientations and narcissism get in the way of love. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>What I love about this book is that Fromm presents love as a skill that can be taught and developed. He rejects the idea of loving as something magical and mysterious that can’t be analyzed and explained, and is therefore skeptical about ideas such as “falling in love.” </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>In particular, he proposed four elements of love, which he suggests have to be practiced in concert with each other. Each complements the other and counteracts their potentially negative aspects. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>The first fundamental element of love is care, or a concern for others. Fromm defines care in terms of concrete actions. He argues, for example, that people wouldn’t generally accept the claim of a person to love plants if she forgot to water them, or a mother to love her child if she neglected her child. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>Related to this is the element of responsibility, or responsive to the needs, expressed and unexpressed, of another human being. “The loving person responds,” Fromm writes. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>The third essential element of love is respect. Fromm argued that practicing respect keeps care and responsibility from spilling over into domination and possessiveness. He was clear to distinguish genuine respect from fear and awe, in contrast, it requires the ability to see a person as they are.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>Which leads into the last element, knowledge. Fromm recognized a positive motivation behind some cruel, acts, such as when children dissect animals to study them. This reflects a desire to know another. But, he emphasized that knowledge, like respect, can’t emerge in relationships of domination and exploitation. Developing real knowledge, the real understanding that forms an essential part of love, requires the ability to see people and things as they are. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>So love is an orientation of character, it goes beyond the love object. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>What do you think about his point that you cannot love one person and be indifferent to all others? </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>To love one means to love all, including one’s self. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 1, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='1' indent='0'>You can watch this interview with Mike Wallace where he talks about love and why it’s so difficult. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>With these two books, Fromm captured large audiences extending beyond the discipline of psychology. Both were international best sellers and both have broad sociological implications. They extend Fromm’s basic assumptions to realms that most people view as pretty important.</textformat></html>