PREVNEXTSUBMITTable of ContentsResourcesGlossaryTranscriptClear and return to MenuSearch ResultsFilterSlide TextNotesSearch in:Check to includeSearch...TermsDefinitionFINISHfinishdefinitionresourcessearchpauseplayreplaysubmitnextpreviousvolumeSUBMIT ALLsubmit allQuestion ListMore infoSend an emailCloseBioExitbeyond freud and the personal unconscious beyond freud and the personal unconscious got the error that file name was too long to publish file. can this title be, “beyond freud and the personal unconscious”? instead of “beyond freud, beyond the personal unconscious” introducing jung introducing jung changed tony wolf to toni wolff by unknown, upload by adrian michael (ortsmuseum zollikon) [public domain], via wikimedia commons by prints & photographs division. library of congress (123) ([1]) [public domain], via wikimedia commons carl jung was: born in kesswil, switzerland in 1875 from a prominent basel family the oldest of two surviving siblings religion was a big part of jung’s childhood: father was a protestant minister mother was a theologian’s daughter who practiced mysticism jung’s theory is built on the idea of opposites and reconciliation of opposites. jung discovered a no. 2 personality in himself. in 1903, jung married emma rauschenbach, but (allegedly) had affairs with two former patients. freud and jung freud and jung 1909, during freud’s visit to clark university, (from left to right) abraham a. brill, ernest jones, sandor ferenczi, sigmund freud, stanley hall, and carl gustav jung. freud at age 53 carl at age 34 is this on purpose? freud’s first name and carl’s last name, or, should we use both first names or both last names? freud and jung (cont’d) freud and jung for why freud and jung split: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/genius-and-madness/200905/why-freud-and-jung-broke and give this link for the redbook, and a picture of it http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/20/magazine/20jung-t.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 click resources or the links to read, “why freud and jung broke up?” and the “the holy grail of the unconscious.” is this on purpose? freud’s first name and carl’s last name, or, should we use both first names or both last names? jung became disenchanted with freud and his theories. carl jung’s no. 2 personality resurfaced from 1913 to 1917. jung describes this period as being overcome by a series of vivid dreams, visions, fantasies, and mystical experiences. jung broke with the international psychoanalytic association in 1913. by ekabhishek at en.wikipedia [public domain], from wikimedia commons published in 2009 by jung’s estate. levels of the psyche levels of the psyche unconscious (not sensed by the ego) personal unconscious conscious (ego) human psyche collective unconscious the collective unconscious is never conscious (e.g., archetypes) jung believed that people with strong egos are blocked from becoming acquainted with unconscious aspects of themselves. personal unconscious: experiences that were once conscious contains complexes (measured with word association tests) / the collective unconscious the collective unconscious the sun’s phallus jessica, is this the intended message for the the last paragraph? jung also established connections between: universal images and themes dreams and preoccupations psychotic patients and ancient mythology according to jung the collective unconscious is the deepest part of the individual psyche, and it: is shared by all people reflects humanity’s collective evolutionary history contains images and ideas that go beyond our personal experiences (stems from ancestors) is a storehouse of latent memory traces from man’s evolutionary past jung also established connections between: universal images and themes dreams and preoccupations patients’ experiences and ancient mythology click to play video of interview with jung click to play video of interview with jung click to play video of interview with jung click to play video of interview with jung click to play video of interview with jung click to play video of interview with jung interview with jung on the discovery of the collective unconscious http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd-w-1z_qco parameters set to start at 2m10s (130s) and end at 8m10s (490s) return return return return return return evolution and jung evolution and jung https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/theory-knowledge/201312/revolution-in-evolution-return-lamarck carl jung: “the whole spiritual heritage of mankind’s evolution, born anew in the brain structure of every individual.” jessica, the quote seemed incomplete, so online i found that it should be: “the collective unconscious contains the whole spiritual heritage of mankind’s evolution, born anew in the brain structure of every individual.” does instructor want to add the text in yellow? click resources or this link to read, “a revolution in evolution: a return to lamarck?” humans have an innate tendency to think certain thoughts or to react in a particular way to certain experiences. natural selection may not be the only mechanism by which evolutions operates. evolutionary psychology, the branch of psychology that explains some of our psychological traits as adaptations resulting from natural selection. experiences within the lifetime of an individual could leave some imprint on the individual’s psyche, and be acquired by the next generation. archetypes archetypes jessica, is the text after archetypes an actual definition? archetypes: contents of collective unconscious or ideas that take shape on account of the repeated experiences of our ancestors. archetypes may shape personality archetypes persona/shadow anima/animus great mother wise old man hero persona and the shadow persona and the shadow jessica - do you know if the instructor is set on having these images? i suggest omitting since they don’t truly add anything here – can be distracting. i suggest silhouettes of a person and a person with shadow silhouette instead. also, for shadow, i left out the last bullet, “represented in literature and film” since there was nothing to sync it with. shadow persona represents darkness and repression (dark side of our personality) reveals itself in our dreams as same sex person taking on our most feared characteristics projected onto our enemies may be hidden or repressed into the personal unconsciousness rounds out the personality the side of our personality we show to the world, our mask. people adopt a mask in response to the demands of social convention. anima and animus anima and animus animus anima represents thinking and reasoning masculine side that is unconscious and repressed in women according to jungian psychology, the truth is something in the middle. represents irrational moods and feelings feminine side that is unconscious and repressed in men anima and animus motivates understanding the opposite sex. great mother, wise old man, and hero great mother, wise old man, and hero great mother responsible for nourishment and destruction and capable of sustaining and destroying life wise old man symbol of wisdom and meaning often projected onto people with an air of wisdom spiderman image by new_york_city_mayor_mike_bloomberg_at_midtown_comics.jpg: midtown comics derivative work: nightscream [cc0], via wikimedia commons spiderman image from wikimedia commons hero conquers evil but has a single fatal flaw the self and self-realization figure 4.1 jung’s conception of personality conscious (ego) personal unconscious conscious (ego) conscious (ego) conscious (ego) collective unconscious personal unconscious persona shadow anima (femininity) animus (masculinity) self: has tendencies to move toward growth, perfection, and completion. it is not the ego, but the center between conscious and unconscious. the self and self-realization development psychological health jung vs. freud jung vs. freud libido sexual generalized growth freud’s belief: jung’s belief: topic childhood through the lifespan yeah right! embracing the unconscious unconcious personal unconscious is threatening and suppressed collective unconscious needs to be discovered religion “comparable to childhood neurosis” healthy yeah right! self-realization and psychic wholeness conclusion conclusion in this lecture we introduced carl jung and his theory: part of the unconscious is not personal, and is not a result of repression, but results from the inherited experiences of our ancestors archetypes (persona, shadow, anima, animus, great mother, wise one, and hero) self-realization is a balance between the conscious ego and the personal unconscious, and between opposing archetypes the end add heading/subheading here use for quotes or small pieces of content that aren’t voiced use for quotes or small pieces of content that aren’t voiced definition: goes here consider this… think of this…/formative question… on screen instructions go here ! ? use as callout, add content here this is a tag x use this as a light box… use this type of shapes, colors (w/guidance from color palette) and effect to build diagrams, unless content requires something different. when using charts or graphs from ppt use the style selected for this example throughout the presentation unless the content requires something different. <html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Carl Jung was born in Kesswil, Switzerland in 1875, and at age 4 moved to a suburb outside of Basel. His family was prominent in Basel; his paternal grandfather was one the most respected physicians, and was rumored to be the illegitimate son of the German poet Goethe. Jung was the oldest of two surviving siblings (an older brother lived for only a few days). He was about 9 years older than his sister, so he was a lot like an only child for much of his childhood. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Religion was a big part of Jung’s childhood. His father was a Protestant minister, and his mother was a theologian’s daughter, and both were youngest of 13 siblings, many of who grew up to be pastors. His mother’s family also had a tradition of mysticism. For example, his mother’s grandfather talked to the dead, and kept an empty chair for the ghost of his first wife. Jung’s father was dependable, but Jung thought him to be weak, with strong doubts about his religion. His mother, in contrast, was very unstable. She had two separate dispositions, the practical one, and then a mystical, unstable, and supposedly clairvoyant, personality, which usually came out at night. He called this her No. 2 personality. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>His parents were in many ways exact opposites – and as we’ll see his theory is built on the idea of opposites, and reconciliation of opposites. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Jung discovered a No. 2 personality in himself as well. During adolescence Jung came to conceive of his No. 2 personality as something other than himself, an old man long dead. Then, Jung’s No. 1 personality again became dominant and Jung was able to focus on his studies in medicine and then psychiatry. (There was another time when his No. 2 personality again overtook him, and this was after his break with Freud.) </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>In 1903, Jung married Emma Rauschenbach (who became Emma Jung), a Swiss woman from a wealthy family. But Jung also had a long-standing affair during his marriage. David Cronenberg’s film, The Dangerous Method, maybe you saw it, with Kiera Knightley (?), is about Sabina Spielrein, one of the first female psychoanalysts. Spielrein was Jung’s patient, and the film is about an affair that they were alleged to have had. He definitely had a 40 year long, very public affair with another former patient Toni Wolff. His wife actually knew about the affair, but understood that Toni could better relate to his personality No. 2. Jung himself wrote about her in his autobiography, but his children had all references to her removed, because they resented her, as you might imagine. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Jung read Freud’s writings and began corresponding with him in 1906. Reportedly, Jung and Freud hit it off so well that at their first meeting that they talked for 13 hours non-stop. Freud felt that Jung was so promising that he called him his “adopted son” and his “crown prince.” He decided it would be Jung who would succeed him and lead the international psychoanalytic movement. He liked that Jung was neither Jewish nor from Vienna, like the rest of his early “followers.” He made him the first president of the International Psychoanalytic Association. But, as was the pattern with Freud, this friendship turned very sour. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>It started when Freud went to the US in 1909 to give his lectures at Clark University. Jung went with him and during this 7-week trip overseas they began to analyze each other’s dreams. At one point, Freud was holding back; he said, “But I cannot risk my authority.” At that point Jung said Freud lost his authority. Jung also was unimpressed with Freud’s ability to interpret his dreams. Jung shared a dream in which he and his family were living on the second floor of a house and he decided to explore the lower levels. Where he found 2 skulls. Freud interpreted the dream as wish fulfillment. Jung interpreted the dream as evidence of the collective unconscious.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'></textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Jung became disenchanted with Freud and his theories and broke with the International Psychoanalytic Association in 1913. Jung ironically was the least loyal in following Freud’s ideas. Jung thought Freud was wrong to focus on sex, and when Jung started talking about mystical/religious type phenomena Freud judged him harshly. There is a lot of complicated interpersonal muck in this relationship (Freud’s suspicion that Jung has a death wish against him, accusations of anti-Semitism, possible homoerotic complications). </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>It was after this break from Freud that Jung’s no. 2 personality again took over. From 1913-1917 Jung underwent what the psychohistorian, Henri Ellenberger, called a “creative illness.” He said Freud went through one after the death of his father. For Jung, Freud was the father figure, and the disenchantment with Freud prompted this four-year episode during which he used dream interpretation and active imagination to develop his theoretical framework. Jung describes this period as being overcome by a series of vivid dreams, visions, fantasies, and mystical experiences. The Red Book is essentially his journal from this period, and documents his descent into madness, or his confrontation with the unconscious, as Jung called it. It was published by his estate in 2009. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Jung saw the human psyche as being divided into a conscious and unconscious level, with the unconscious further subdivided into a personal unconscious and a collective unconscious.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Consciousness plays a relatively minor role in Jungian theory, as in Freudian theory. But in contrast to Freud who believed that healthy individuals have well-developed egos, Jung insisted that people with strong egos are blocked from becoming acquainted with unconscious aspects of themselves. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>The unconscious refers to the psychic content not sensed by the ego. The personal unconscious is similar to Freud’s unconscious and preconscious, and consists of experiences that were once conscious, but have been repressed, suppressed, forgotten, ignored, or were too weak to make an impression in the first place. The personal unconscious contains complexes, emotionally toned groups of related ideas. For example, we might say that Jung had a father complex, strong ideas and feelings associated with the concept of father. Jung used word association tests to demonstrate evidence for these complexes. He’d deliver a list of words and have patients say the first word that comes to their head, and measure things like reaction time, breathing, galvanic skin response to show emotional reactivity. This is not really different than the kinds of test cognitive and physiological psychologists conduct today. He was doing this work and described it to Freud when they first started collaborating. You can also see it if you watch that movie, The Dangerous Method. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>In addition, Jung suggested there was another level of the unconscious, called the collective unconscious, which was never conscious to begin with. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>The Collective unconscious is the deepest part of the individual psyche. It’s shared by all people and reflects humanity’s collective evolutionary history. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Jung believed that it contained images and ideas that go beyond our personal experiences, but rather stem from the repeated experiences of our ancestors. So it can explain experiences like Déjà vu, unconditional love of parent for newborn, and love at first sight. The idea came from his own dream of a concealed basement below a house, down dusty stairs, filled with bones and pottery. He suggested to Jung that there is a storehouse of latent memory traces from man’s evolutionary past. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Also, studying different cultures, Jung was struck by the universality of many images and themes, which also surfaced in his patients’ dreams and preoccupations. He also saw connections in experience of psychotic patients and in ancient mythology. For example, in 1906, Jung had an encounter with a schizophrenic patient. This patient was looking out the window and called Jung to his side, and said, “if you half shut your eyes and stare at the sun you can see the sun’s phallus. If you then move your head side to side the phallus will move, and this is the origin of the wind." Four years later Jung was researching the field of mythology and came across some very similar ancient pre-Christian myth. And he determined the man could not have read this book and his education would not have exposed him to these ideas. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Jung did not think of the ideas and images in the collective unconscious as inherited per se, but rather he believed we have an innate tendency to think certain thoughts or to react in a particular way to certain experiences. His ideas actually converge fairly well with evolutionary psychology, the branch of psychology that explains some of our psychological traits as adaptations resulting from natural selection. Where Jung differs is that he assumed that experiences within the lifetime of an individual could leave some imprint on the individual’s psyche, and be acquired by the next generation, which is inconsistent with Darwin’s mechanism of natural selection. But there is actually some new research that suggests that natural selection may not be the only mechanism by which evolutions operates. Check out this link if you are interested in this topic. I think it’s pretty fascinating!</textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Jung called the contents of the collective unconscious archetypes. That is, certain ideas are especially likely to take shape, again, on account of the repeated experiences of our ancestors. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Several archetypes are especially likely to shape personality, and Jung identified these by name. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>One is the persona—the side of our personality that we show to others. Jung’s No. 1 personality. Necessary, but not the whole self. In this case the experience that formed the archetype is the repeated interaction with the people in which the assumption of a social role has served a useful purpose to humans throughout their history. So people adopt a mask in response to the demands of social convention. If the ego identifies with the persona, one becomes more conscious of the part he is playing than his genuine personality. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>The flipside of the persona is the shadow. This is the dark side of personality that people often hide or deny. In order for people to reach full psychological maturity, they must first realize or accept their shadow. Jung referred to this as the first test of courage. The shadow often reveals itself in dreams. It can be recognized in our dreams, same sex character that represents what is threatening, for example, a mentally retarded man for someone who values intelligence, or a prostitute for a sexually restrictive woman. Jung suggested that it’s only frightening until a person comes to terms with their unconscious and recognizes it as a valuable part of the self. The shadow is also projected onto our enemies. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>The shadow may be hidden from public view by the persona, or can be repressed from private view into the personal unconsciousness. But good in that it rounds out personality, three-dimentional quality to the person. Jung suggests that it explains the sexual and aggressive nature of man, so it is similar to Freud’s id. It is both a personal and collective unconscious phenomena. The predisposition to react this way is collective, but the specific fears are personal. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Whereas the first test of courage involves accepting one’s shadow, the second is for men to accept their anima—their feminine side—and for women to embrace their animus—their masculine side. All humans are psychologically bisexual and possess both a masculine and feminine side, according to Jung. The anima and animas are a result of repeated experiences with the opposite gender. So this is all well and good, but Jung went on to suggest that the anima represents irrational mood and the animus represents thinking and reasoning. I suspect some women might take issue with that.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Not only do men and women have, often repressed, aspects of the other sex, but anima and animus also motivates people to respond to and understand members of the opposite sex. This may lead to misunderstanding if the archetypal image is projected without regard for the real character of the partner.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Jung reported experiences where he heard voices from a woman within. During the period where Jung was delving into his unconscious, he asked, “What am I doing?” and in response he heard a voice, a female voice, and it said, “It is art?” Jung struck up a conversation w this voice, came to the conclusion that it was not art, but it wasn’t science either. He suggested the truth was something in the middle. This represents the gist of Jungian psychology – the truth is something in the middle. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Jung talked about some other archetypes. For example, the great mother. This is the archetype of nourishment and destruction. It’s both positive and negative, capable of sustaining life and destroying it. Recall his own mother had two personalities, one loving and the other ruthless and uncanny.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Another was the wise old man, or the archetype of wisdom and meaning. Jung suggested that it is projected onto leadership figures. But often the wisdom is not real, like his father, who preached but doubted. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>A last archetype discussed by Jung is the hero. The image we have of a conqueror who vanquishes evil but who has a single fatal flaw. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>In contrast to Freud, for Jung the self is not the ego, but the center between conscious and unconscious. So the self is a goal, one that we strive for and rarely obtain. Like all archetypes, it motivates human behavior and causes one to search for wholeness. Jung thought this is often through religion, and that true religious experiences are as close to selfhood as most will ever come. Jung was influenced a lot by Eastern religions, which strive for oneness and unity with the world. Yoga is a practice that is often associated with a Jungian approach. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>For a self to emerge, the various components of personality need to become fully developed and individuated. So not surprisingly, the self rarely emerges before middle age. At that time, individuals may be ready to make an effort to change the center of personality from the conscious ego to one that’s halfway between consciousness and unconsciousness. He referred to this as self-realization. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>The mandala represents the ideal. Often people have too much consciousness and therefore lack the “soul spark” of personality. Though the self in reality is almost never perfectly balanced, each person has in the collective unconscious a concept of the perfect unified self (the archetype for self-realization). Historically, people have produced countless mandalas without understanding its meanings. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Let’s wrap up by just summarizing some differences between Jung and Freud. First, Jung rejected the notion of the instinctual drives of sex and aggression. Instead he believed that people are more motivated by a general psychological energy.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>And they are not only defensive, but are motivated to achieve psychological growth, self-realization, and psychic wholeness. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'></textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>In contrast to Freud, Jung believed that personality continued to develop throughout the lifespan. In fact, he emphasized later part of development. </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Rather than viewing a goal of the healthy individual being to control the unconscious, he thought health involved embracing the unconscious, seeking a balance between conscious and unconscious. For Freud, the unconscious is unconscious because it’s threatening. For Jung, the collective unconscious is not threatening, it just needs to be discovered. This also gets at a distinction between the purpose of dreams for Jung – to reveal, not to conceal. We can grow by trying to understand the unconscious.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Jung through religion was a good thing. For Freud “religion is comparable to childhood neurosis,” he wrote about this in his book, The Future of an Illusion.</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'> </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>They had similar views about psychological health. Jung thought it was entirely possible. Self-realization was possible. For Freud, not so much. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>This lecture provided an introduction to Carl Jung and his theory. He is unique in assuming that there is an additional part of the unconscious that is not personal, and is not a result of repression. Rather, it results from the inherited experiences of our ancestors. Archetypes are highly developed aspect of this. We saw how his ideas about the self are different that Freud’s, and that self-realization involves a balance between the conscious ego and the personal unconscious, and between opposing archetypes, like the persona and the shadow and the anima and animus. In short, Jung’s theory is all about seeking balance between opposing forces. </textformat></html><html><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Animation description: </textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Treatment(s): n/a</textformat><textformat leading='0' tabstops='[0, 48, 96, 144]' blockindent='0' indent='0'>Audio file:</textformat></html>